Time Synchronization in Electrical Systems
Precise Time Synchronization for Substation Automation purposes.
What is time synchronization and how does it work? Which solutions exist for power transmission and distribution systems? What is precision, accuracy and resolution and why should manufacturers and operators of equipment for electrical distribution networks care about these terms? This document has been created to answer these questions and offers you a comprehensive and easy-to-understand introduction. Read on ...
- Time Synchronization Overview
- Time Synchronization Equipment
- Examples of use
- Time Synchronization Terms and Glossary
Time Synchronization Overview
Substation automation demands precise time synchronization for a variety of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). There are different possible approaches to achieve the required accuracy. Time synchronization for substations with integrated protection- and system control functions, as well as data collection require a target architecture that distributes synchronized time in several ways. Different solutions are possible and can be realized using MEINBERG timing equipment.
Electrical companies are turning into the biggest users and generators of
- Operational Data
- Administrative Data
- of real time data
- Operational data
- SCADAs -> Protocolization and registration
- Communication equipment -> Communication processors, protocol translators
- Protection relays -> Fault and performance analysis
- Faultrecorders -> Post mortem analysis, responsability, liability
- Billingmeters AMR -> Tarifswitching, load analysis
- IEDs, RTUs, SOE, Sensors -> Protocolization + registration
- Servers, Routers, Switches -> IT security!
- Frequency deviation -> Systemstability
- Security monitoring -> Physical security
- Digital voice and video recording -> Civil responsability, Law, Insurance companies
Synchronization of Equipment
Direct Synchronization
GPS Antenna
Dedicated Clocks
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Resolution and precision:
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Syncronization over LAN
Resolution and Precision:
- Depends on traffic on the network
- Depends on distance and communication media
- Range from submiliseconds to 5 -20 ms
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Protocols |
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* UCA2 (Utility Communication Architecture) with MMS protocol(Manufacturing Message Specification)
Synchronization over LAN
- External networks are gaining more significance in control and protection environments through:
- LAN, WAN, MAN
- Redundant LANs
- Switches, routers, firewalls
- Severs and clients
- Communication over Internet and Intranets
- Different medias
- Transmission of secure data on insecure channel:
- Confidenciality
- Integrity
- Authentication
- Tools:
- Encrypted tunnels
- VPN
Synchronization Equipment from Meinberg
- Clocks for SCADAs, RTUs, PLCs, relays, automation
- PPH, PPM, PPS
- Optical outputs
- DCF, IRIG A/B Codes, etc.
- Proprietary codes: SIEMENS, ABB, ION etc.
- Frequencies/Amplitudes: Fixed and variable
- Frequency measurement
- PCI cards
- Special signals and interfaces
- Slave clocks
- Wide AC and DC power supply ranges
- Mounting on 19" Rack, DIN rail
- Antenna with cable up to 300 meters, optical available
Examples of Use
- Time Synchronization with GPS170BGT - LAN-CPU
- Time Synchronization with customized GPS170BGT
- Time Synchronization with GPS-Signal Distributor
Time Synchronization with GPS Satelllite Clock and LAN-CPU in Modular Case
IRIG-B DC
Serial Data String
Ethernet
Fiber Optic
Description
Time Synchronization with GPS170BGT and MEINBERG Time Code Diplexer via Fiber Optic,
Time Synchronization with GPS170BGT and MEINBERG Time Code Diplexer via Fiber Optic,
Central Engine Room
Integrated
Bay Controller
Bay Controller
Metering and Control Devices
NTP over Lan
NTP over Lan
Ethernet over Fiber Optic / Multimode
IRIG-B DC Fiber Optic / Multimode
ION Code (TX) Fiber Optic / Multimode
Time Code Diplexer
IRIG-B (DC)
3 circles with 8 relais
(e.g. General Electric) are possible
3 circles with 8 relais
(e.g. General Electric) are possible
GPS170 BGT
with LAN-CPU
and GPS Antenna
with LAN-CPU
and GPS Antenna
IRIG-BC (DC)
More Protection Relais are possible
More Protection Relais are possible
NTP over LAN
Bay Controller
(e.g. BC1703ACP)
Protocol over LAN
Bay Controller
(e.g. BC1703ACP)
Protocol over LAN
Digital Power Metering
(e.g. ION 8300 RS485)
(e.g. ION 8300 RS485)
Time Synchronization with customized GPS Satellite Timing System
GPS Antenna / Surge Protection
Cable 10m
Cable 40m
Cable 10m
Cable 40m
GPS170BGT
MSTS1 RS232 (<15m)
ANZ14
IRIG-B (twisted pair)
ASCII RS485 9600 bd (twisted pair)
SAT
isolated
RS232
isolated
RS232
PPM
(24VDC
external)
(24VDC
external)
DCF Pulse
DCF Pulse
(24VDC external)
(24VDC external)
DCF Pulse
Digital Power Meter / e.g. ION 75502
(Industrial Ionisation Blower)
(Industrial Ionisation Blower)
PPM
IRIG-B DC
Serial Data String
Pulse DC
1 MSTS = Meinberg Standard Time String
2 ION 7550 = ION Time String 9600 baud, RS485
2 ION 7550 = ION Time String 9600 baud, RS485
Description:
Time Synchronization with customized GPS170BGT through different protocols (eg. RS485, RS232, DCF, IRIG-B, PPM )
Time Synchronization with customized GPS170BGT through different protocols (eg. RS485, RS232, DCF, IRIG-B, PPM )
Controller 1
Controller 2
Controller 3
Controller 4
Controller 5
Controller 6
Time Synchronization with GPS-Antenna Distributor GPSAV4
Description:
Time Synchronization with several GPS170BGT and antenna distribution over MEINBERG GPSAV4
Time Synchronization with several GPS170BGT and antenna distribution over MEINBERG GPSAV4
IRIG-B DC
Pulse DC
Ethernet
Serial Data String
GPS170BGT
LAN CPU
LAN CPU
GPS Antenna
Coaxial Cable 20m
Surge Protector
Coaxial Cable 20m
Surge Protector
Antenna Diplexer
GPSAV4
GPSAV4
Coax. Cable
(5m)
(5m)
NTP over LAN
2xIRIG-B Protection Relais (e.g. GE Multilin)
8 x IRIG-B
(e.g. ION1 8600)
(e.g. ION1 8600)
8 x DCF
GPS170BGT (additional)
GPS170BGT (additional)
Time Synchronization Terms and Glossary
What is Accuracy?Accuracy (Precision)
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What is Resolution?
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Usual signals for time synchronization in electrical systems:
Each signal type has its own resolutione.g. IRIG-B: The framerate is 1.0 second - but accuracies up to 1 μs can be achieved
StabilityA "free running clock" what does it mean?
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Internet adresses of IEDs and other related equipment manufacturers
Equipment for Electrical Systems and Power Plants
Relays - Protective Motor Protection Relay Motor Management Relay Generator Management Relay Blocking and Test Module Feeder Relay Transformer Management Relay Feeder Management Relay Advanced Line Protection System Bus Differential Relay Bus Differential Relay System Percentage Differential with Harmonic Restraint Bus Bar Protection Controller System Breaker Protection System Capacitor Bank Protection and Control System Offset Mho Directional-distance Loss of Excitation Relay Angle Impedance Relay Reactance and Mho Phase Directional-distance High Speed Differential Relay Voltage-balance Relay Instantaneous Overcurrent Relay Remote CAN I/O Module Line Distance Relay Line Distance Protection System Digital Breaker Failure Digital Breaker Supervision Distributed Digital Fault Recorder Digital Distribution System Digital Frequency Relay Digital Generator Protection Single Phase Digital Overcurrent Protection Digital Line Protection System Digital Multifunction System Numerical Single-Phase and Three-Phase Reclosing System Digital Transformer Protection Transformer Tap Changer Controller Terminal Boards Multiple Feeder Management Relay Bay Controller |
Generator Management and Control System Phase Packaged Directional-distance Relay Substation Automation Power Directional Relays Ground Distance Relay Automatic Synchronizing Relay Auxiliary or Annunciator Relay Multicontact Auxiliary Relay Hinged Armature Auxiliary Relay Single-shot Reclosing Relay High Impedance Differential Module Multicontact Hand Reset Auxiliary Relay Time-overcurrent Relay Time Delay Voltage Relay Directional Overcurrent Relay Directional Ground Overcurrent Relay Phase Sequence and Undervoltage Power Directional Protection Relay TOC Relay with Voltage Restraint Current Balance Relay Percentage Differential Relay Synchronism Check Relay Phase and Ground Overcurrent Relay Line Phase Comparison Relay Line Current Differential Relay Modular Low Voltage Motor Protection System Line Protection System Generator Backup/Out-of-Step Protection Modular Microprocessor Relays Digital Generator Protection Relay High Impedance Busbar Differential Relay Digital Overcurrent Relay Digital Distribution System Family Digital Feeder Relay Machine Protection Relay Generator Protection System Digital Ground Protection Voltage/Frequency M Family Relay Voltage/Frequency MII Family Relay |
Directional Power/Loss of Field Directional Power Protection System Digital Synchronism Check Relay Intelligent MCC Controller Low Voltage Motor Management System Digital Multifunctional Protective Relay Motor Protection Meter Network Stability and Synchrophasor Measurement System Auxiliary Relay Voltage Unbalance Relay Voltage Relay Machine Field Ground Relay Instantaneous Voltage Relay Power Management Control System PVD Differential Voltage Relay High Speed Trip and Lockout Relay Remote RTD Module Static Timing Relay Control and Transfer Switches Catalog Master Control Switches Static Breaker Backup Relays Differential Voltage Relay Control and Transfer Switches Static Directional Comparison Blocking Relay Static Digital Frequency Relay Negative Sequence Overcurrent Static Synchronism Check Relay Feeder Management System Synchronous Motor Protection & Control STD Percentage Differential with Harmonic Restraint Overexcitation Relay Modular Power Reversal Relay Modular Voltage Relay Tripping and Blocking Rectifiers Protection Relays Universal Recloser Control Wind Generator Protection System Power Quality Meter Electronic Power Meter Instrument Transformers |